- Entrevista con Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula, próximo titular de la SAGARPA
- Detalla cambios radicales en la política agrícola
Por: Guillermo Correa Bárcenas / Editorial / DE NORTE A SUR
La soberanía y seguridad alimentaria que poco importó a la administración que expira al grado de calificarla de mito, es para el gobierno que llega un asunto de gran preocupación pues no es posible que hoy México sea el principal importador de maíz en el mundo. Hasta dónde hemos llegado y a qué grado se descuidó el agro nacional que urge rescatarlo, dice a De Norte a Sur Víctor Manuel Villalobos Arámbula, el ingeniero agrónomo con cargos en instituciones internacionales que en cinco meses con seguridad va a despachar como secretario de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), una dependencia que, como indica su nombre, implica grandes retos, sobre todo cuando el neoliberalismo económico que se apoderó del destino del país desde hace 40 años ha causado graves daños a lo que es fundamental para cualquier nación: la comida de todos sus habitantes.
Y eso no puede ser. Porque México es un país con un gran potencial que debería estar jugando en las Ligas Mayores de la agricultura mundial en cuanto a los productos básicos que consume la población y que hoy se compran en el extranjero, explica el experto en el tema, nativo de Autlán, Jalisco y, al parecer, también entusiasta del béisbol, el deporte que apasiona al virtual presidente electo de la República, Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
A lo largo de unos 40 años, el doctor Villalobos, egresado de lo que ahora es la Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, se ha especializado en temas de agricultura, recursos naturales y genéticos. Ha sido funcionario gubernamental, profesor, investigador, líder de grupos multidisciplinarios de análisis y decisión. Desde la FAO, en Roma, coordinó proyectos en África, Asia y América Latina. Encabezó el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura. En la entrevista, lamenta que alrededor de 20 millones de mexicanos vivan en pobreza extrema, lo que significa casi morir de hambre. Y no debe de ser, insiste. Lo que pasa, explica, es que se ha desaprovechado la gran capacidad productiva del país a causa de las políticas con visión de corto plazo, en la obstinación de concentrarse en reducidos productos muy exitosos como las frutas y las hortalizas, sin considerar que hay que ver el todo y por eso es que el campo está en condiciones de abandono y desaprovechado.
Ahora, agrega, vamos a tomar como base a la agricultura para hacer del campo uno de los principales motores del desarrollo del país. Como lo fue en sexenios anteriores en que México era más rural. Lo seguiremos siendo, dice, y al igual que entonces hay que darle prioridad a la autosuficiencia alimentaria. Seguir el ejemplo de naciones europeas, de Japón, de Estados Unidos, donde es una necesidad y estrategia nacional garantizar el suministro de sus productos básicos, que aquí son el maíz, arroz, trigo, frijol, a los que se impulsará su producción, igual que a la leche, soya, sorgo y carne de cerdo, entre otros, por los cuales en los primeros 43 meses de la actual administración –anotación del reportero– se habían pagado, según analistas, 86 mil millones de dólares.
Bien. Para darle la vuelta a esta “mala política”, hay que combatir a partir del primero de diciembre próximo la corrupción que es una marca de este sexenio que contiene el sello de la actual SAGARPA, que han encabezado los priistas Enrique Martínez y Martínez, José Calzada Rovirosa y Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa. Basta señalar, se le comenta al doctor Villalobos, que el promedio presupuestal es cercano a los 400 mil millones de pesos en estos seis años. ¿Y de qué han servido? Su comentario es que “el campo en el sur del país está completamente abandonado y en consecuencia, no obstante que se ha incrementado el presupuesto, no ha disminuido la pobreza. Ese es un indicador, evidente y claro del porqué no se incide en la productividad. Vale preguntarse, enfatiza, a dónde se está yendo el recurso que está destinado para esas funciones.
El experto en la materia asegura que lograr rescatar el campo no necesariamente se requiere de más recursos. Con que se pudiera ejercer lo actual de una eficiente y transparente, el presupuesto asignado sirve para atender la mayoría de la problemática de la que actualmente se quejan todos los componentes del sector.
Anuncia que el asunto se va a analizar a fondo. Que el nuevo gobierno va a partir con una reestructuración basada en la reingeniería institucional porque se necesita ser más eficientes con el mismo dinero. Expulsar los esquemas burocráticos, como las Reglas de Operación que son indescifrables. Personal que no está ejerciendo su función y, peor, que no tiene la capacidad ni ha estado asociado con las actividades agrícolas. Se refiere a delegados y altos funcionarios, de quienes ocupan oficinas que demandan profesionistas del sector, cuando por lo menos hay 30 mil ingenieros agrónomos, veterinarios, biólogos que están sin trabajo y desaprovechados. En los tiempos cercanos resurgirá el extensionismo rural que tanto dio al campo mexicano. Así lo exigen, principalmente los casi seis millones de pequeños y medianos productores esperanzados en su rescate.
La idea, describe el doctor Villalobos, es sustentar una visión más productiva y responsable sobre todo en la cuestión ambiental, que no excluya a tipos de productores y prácticas agrícolas que las hay muy distintas en el país, debido a las distintas orografías, climas y gente. Se acompañará a jóvenes campesinos con becas, se impulsará a las agroindustria y habrá de acentuarse el valor agregado a lo que se produce; la asistencia técnica, aplicación de innovaciones tecnológicas, precios de garantía justos a los campesinos; créditos, seguros y oportunidades de comercialización.
Igual que a la agricultura y la ganadería se esperan buenos tiempos en el sector pesquero que también es un importante elemento para garantizar la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria del país. Hay buena infraestructura, considera el doctor Villalobos, en cuanto a la captura de sardina y atún que hoy día son fuentes importantes de proteína para la gente con menos ingresos. Desarrollar la acuacultura será prioridad en este ramo productivo en el que se cultivan 120 mil hectáreas de agua dulce, además de que habrá trabajo en gran parte de los 11 mil kilómetros de litorales que tiene el país.
Durante la entrevista, el doctor Víctor Manuel Villalobos adelanta que el agua de uso agrícola volverá a ser sectorizada en la SAGARPA que de 1974 a 1994 se llamó Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidráulicos. Sobre la llamada descentralización informa que la dependencia tendrá una base en el sur del estado de Sonora, una región que es altamente productiva. Aclara que la mudanza en nada afectará derechos de trabajadores y que como funcionario serán constantes sus recorridos por todos los estados de la República, como lo hizo en la campaña presidencial que dio la victoria a MORENA. Y en cuanto a la pregunta obligada con respecto a los transgénicos, sostiene que no se hará uso de ellos en la agricultura mexicana, que no tiene ni ha tenido relación con ninguna empresa trasnacional y que el país cuenta con un arsenal de semilla mejorada convencional.
DESDE EL CENTRO
En el PRI y en la CNC no se explican por qué de última hora, los campesinos cenecistas votaron por Andrés Manuel Obrador. No entienden que ya eran muchas las traiciones en contra del campo empobrecido… Muchos dirigentes de las organizaciones oficiales y dizque independientes del movimiento campesino, presienten negro panorama y el fin de sus negocios, que ha hecho del agro líderes gordos y productores famélicos… Exigen ahora encuentros con el nuevo Presidente Electo cuando pocos se aparecieron en los eventos convocados durante la campaña de MORENA a fin de participar en la formulación de propuestas. Varios de ellos se arrepienten hoy de haber despreciado a AMLO… Marcel Morales Ibarra al frente de un grupo de expertos proponen al nuevo gobierno un Programa Nacional de Biofertilizantes que sea base de una agricultura sustentable. Son una alternativa ecológica ante los químicos que envenenan la tierra y a quienes la cultivan, además de ser más baratos a los que se importan convirtiéndolos en los insumos más caros del agro… ¿Se acuerdan que Víctor Suárez Carrera, de la ANEC, fue secretario del Campo en un gabinete alterno del PEJE? Seguro que pronto lo veremos en el que empezará a funcionar. [email protected]
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